In memory_region_access_valid() invalid accesses are logged to help
debugging but the log message does not say if it was a read or write.
Log that too to better identify the access causing the problem.

Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: BALATON Zoltan <balaton@eik.bme.hu>
Message-Id: <20211011173616.F1DE0756022@zero.eik.bme.hu>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

virtio-mem logically plugs/unplugs memory within a sparse memory region
and notifies via the RamDiscardManager interface when parts become
plugged (populated) or unplugged (discarded).

Currently, we end up (via the two users)
1) zeroing all logically unplugged/discarded memory during TPM resets.
2) reading all logically unplugged/discarded memory when dumping, to
   figure out the content is zero.

1) is always bad, because we assume unplugged memory stays discarded
   (and is already implicitly zero).
2) isn't that bad with anonymous memory, we end up reading the zero
   page (slow and unnecessary, though). However, once we use some
   file-backed memory (future use case), even reading will populate memory.

Let's cut out all parts marked as not-populated (discarded) via the
RamDiscardManager. As virtio-mem is the single user, this now means that
logically unplugged memory ranges will no longer be included in the
dump, which results in smaller dump files and faster dumping.

virtio-mem has a minimum granularity of 1 MiB (and the default is usually
2 MiB). Theoretically, we can see quite some fragmentation, in practice
we won't have it completely fragmented in 1 MiB pieces. Still, we might
end up with many physical ranges.

Both, the ELF format and kdump seem to be ready to support many
individual ranges (e.g., for ELF it seems to be UINT32_MAX, kdump has a
linear bitmap).

Reviewed-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>
Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Cc: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Claudio Fontana <cfontana@suse.de>
Cc: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Cc: "Alex Bennée" <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Laurent Vivier <lvivier@redhat.com>
Cc: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210727082545.17934-5-david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Let's factor out adding a MemoryRegionSection to the list, to be reused in
RamDiscardManager context next.

Reviewed-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>
Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Cc: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Claudio Fontana <cfontana@suse.de>
Cc: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Cc: "Alex Bennée" <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Laurent Vivier <lvivier@redhat.com>
Cc: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210727082545.17934-4-david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Let's make sure to not merge when different memory regions are involved.
Unlikely, but theoretically possible.

Acked-by: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>
Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Cc: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Claudio Fontana <cfontana@suse.de>
Cc: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Cc: "Alex Bennée" <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Laurent Vivier <lvivier@redhat.com>
Cc: Stefan Berger <stefanb@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210727082545.17934-3-david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Trace at memory_region_sync_dirty_bitmap() for log_sync() or global_log_sync()
on memory regions.  One trace line should suffice when it finishes, so as to
estimate the time used for each log sync process.

Signed-off-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210817013706.30986-1-peterx@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Provide a name field for all the memory listeners.  It can be used to identify
which memory listener is which.

Signed-off-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210817013553.30584-2-peterx@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Add a new RAMBlock flag to denote "protected" memory, i.e. memory that
looks and acts like RAM but is inaccessible via normal mechanisms,
including DMA.  Use the flag to skip protected memory regions when
mapping RAM for DMA in VFIO.

Signed-off-by: Sean Christopherson <sean.j.christopherson@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Yang Zhong <yang.zhong@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

By default, QEMU will allow devices to be plugged into a bus up to
the bus class's device count limit.  If the user creates a device on
the command line or via the monitor and doesn't explicitly specify
the bus to plug it in, QEMU will plug it into the first non-full bus
that it finds.

This is fine in most cases, but some machines have multiple buses of
a given type, some of which are dedicated to on-board devices and
some of which have an externally exposed connector for user-pluggable
devices. One example is I2C buses.

Provide a new function qbus_mark_full() so that a machine model can
mark this kind of "internal only" bus as 'full' after it has created
all the devices that should be plugged into that bus. The "find a
non-full bus" algorithm will then skip the internal-only bus when
looking for a place to plug in user-created devices.

Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20210903151435.22379-2-peter.maydell@linaro.org

It's not that much complicated to type "-display sdl" or "-display curses",
so we should not clutter our main option name space with such simple
wrapper options and rather present the users with a concise interface
instead. Thus let's deprecate the "-sdl" and "-curses" wrapper options now.

Message-Id: <20210825092023.81396-4-thuth@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Peter Krempa <pkrempa@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>

The alt_grab and ctrl_grab parameter of the -display sdl option prevent
the QAPIfication of the "sdl" part of the -display option, so we should
eventually remove them. And since this feature is also rather niche anyway,
we should not clutter the top-level option list with these, so let's
also deprecate the "-alt-grab" and the "-ctrl-grab" options while we're
at it.

Once the deprecation period of "alt_grab" and "ctrl_grab" is over, we
then can finally switch the -display sdl option to use QAPI internally,
too.

Message-Id: <20210825092023.81396-3-thuth@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Peter Krempa <pkrempa@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>

The -display sdl option is not using QAPI internally yet, and uses hand-
crafted parsing instead (see parse_display() in vl.c), which is quite
ugly, since most of the other code is using the QAPIfied DisplayOption
already. Unfortunately, the "alt_grab" and "ctrl_grab" use underscores in
their names which has recently been forbidden in new QAPI code, so
a straight conversion is not possible. While we could add some exceptions
to the QAPI schema parser for this, the way these parameters have been
designed was maybe a bad idea anyway: First, it's not possible to enable
both parameters at the same time, thus instead of two boolean parameters
it would be better to have only one multi-choice parameter instead.
Second, the naming is also somewhat unfortunate since the "alt_grab"
parameter is not about the ALT key, but rather about the left SHIFT key
that has to be used additionally when the parameter is enabled.

So instead of trying to QAPIfy "alt_grab" and "ctrl_grab", let's rather
introduce an alternative to these parameters instead, a new parameter
called "grab-mod" which can either be set to "lshift-lctrl-lalt" or to
"rctrl". In case we ever want to support additional modes later, we can
then also simply extend the list of supported strings here.

Message-Id: <20210825092023.81396-2-thuth@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>

The realpath() function can return NULL on error, so we need to check
for it to avoid crashing when we try to strstr() into it.
This can happen if we run out of memory, or if /sys/ is not mounted,
among other situations.

Fixes: Coverity 1459913, 1460474
Fixes: ce317be9 ("exec: fetch the alignment of Linux devdax pmem character device nodes")
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Jingqi Liu <jingqi.liu@intel.com>
Message-id: 20210812151525.31456-1-peter.maydell@linaro.org

In the alignment check added to qemu_ram_alloc_from_fd() in commit
ce317be9, the condition includes a check that 'mr' is not
NULL.  This check is unnecessary because we can assume that the
caller always passes us a valid MemoryRegion, and indeed later in the
function we assume mr is not NULL when we pass it to file_ram_alloc()
as new_block->mr.  Remove it.

Fixes: Coverity 1459867
Fixes: ce317be9 ("exec: fetch the alignment of Linux devdax pmem character device nodes")
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Jingqi Liu <jingqi.liu@intel.com>
Message-id: 20210812150624.29139-1-peter.maydell@linaro.org

The QEMU_ARCH_VIRTIO_* defines are used only in one file,
qdev-monitor.c. Move them to that file.

Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Message-id: 20210730105947.28215-7-peter.maydell@linaro.org

Instead of using an ifdef ladder in arch_init.c (which we then have
to manually update every time we add or remove a target
architecture), have meson.build put "#define QEMU_ARCH QEMU_ARCH_FOO"
in the config-target.h file.

Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20210730105947.28215-5-peter.maydell@linaro.org

arch_init.c does very little but has a long list of #include lines.
Remove all the unnecessary ones.

Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20210730105947.28215-4-peter.maydell@linaro.org

The kvm_available() function reports whether KVM support was
compiled into the QEMU binary; it returns the value of the
CONFIG_KVM define.

The only place in the codebase where we use this function is
in qmp_query_kvm(). Now that accelerators are based on QOM
classes we can instead use accel_find("kvm") and remove the
kvm_available() function.

Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20210730105947.28215-3-peter.maydell@linaro.org

The xen_available() function is used only to produce an error
for some Xen-specific command line options in QEMU binaries where
Xen support was not compiled in: it just returns the value of
the CONFIG_XEN define.

Now that accelerators are QOM classes, we can check for
"does this binary have Xen compiled in" with accel_find("xen"),
and drop the xen_available() function.

Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Message-id: 20210730105947.28215-2-peter.maydell@linaro.org

The Error ** argument must be NULL, &error_abort, &error_fatal, or a
pointer to a variable containing NULL.  Passing an argument of the
latter kind twice without clearing it in between is wrong: if the
first call sets an error, it no longer points to NULL for the second
call.

machine_parse_property_opt() is wrong that way: it passes @errp to
keyval_parse() without checking for failure, then passes it to
keyval_merge().  Harmless, since the only caller passes &error_fatal.

Clean up: drop the parameter, and use &error_fatal directly.

Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210720125408.387910-16-armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
[Rebased, conflict with commit a3c2f128 resolved]

We did this with scripts/coccinelle/use-error_fatal.cocci before, in
commit 50beeb68 and 007b0657.  This commit cleans up rarer
variations that don't seem worth matching with Coccinelle.

Cc: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>
Cc: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Juan Quintela <quintela@redhat.com>
Cc: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Cc: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Cc: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210720125408.387910-2-armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>

When adding RAM_NORESERVE, we forgot to remove the old assertion when
adding the updated one, most probably when reworking the patches or
rebasing. We can easily crash QEMU by adding
  -object memory-backend-ram,id=mem0,size=500G,reserve=off
to the QEMU cmdline:
  qemu-system-x86_64: ../softmmu/physmem.c:2146: qemu_ram_alloc_internal:
  Assertion `(ram_flags & ~(RAM_SHARED | RAM_RESIZEABLE | RAM_PREALLOC))
  == 0' failed.

Fix it by removing the old assertion.

Fixes: 8dbe22c6 ("memory: Introduce RAM_NORESERVE and wire it up in qemu_ram_mmap()")
Reviewed-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta@ionos.com>
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Message-id: 20210805092350.31195-1-david@redhat.com
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>

-readconfig is still recording SMP options in QemuOpts instead of
using machine_opts_dict.  This means that SMP options from -readconfig
are ignored.

Just stop using QemuOpts for -smp, making it return false for
is_qemuopts_group.  Configuration files will merge the values in
machine_opts_dict using the new function machine_merge_property.

At the same time, fix -mem-prealloc which looked at QemuOpts to find the
number of guest CPUs, which it used as the default number of preallocation
threads.

Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

It will be used to parse smp-opts config groups from configuration
files.  The point to note is that it does not steal a reference
from the caller.  This is better because this function will be called
from qemu_config_foreach's callback; qemu_config_foreach does not cede
its reference to the qdict to the callback, and wants to free it.  To
balance that extra reference, machine_parse_property_opt now needs
a qobject_unref.

Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

We continue after -smp help:

    $ qemu-system-x86_64 -smp help -display none -monitor stdio
    smp-opts options:
      cores=<num>
      cpus=<num>
      dies=<num>
      maxcpus=<num>
      sockets=<num>
      threads=<num>
    QEMU 6.0.50 monitor - type 'help' for more information
    (qemu)

Other options, such as -object help and -device help, don't.

Adjust -smp not to continue either.

Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210720125408.387910-17-armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta@ionos.com>
Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>

Do not instantiate an extra default VGA device if -device virtio-vga-gl
is provided.

Related to commit b36eb886 ("virtio-gpu:
add virtio-vga-gl")

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210701062421.721414-1-marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>

Use it to avoid some clang-12 -Watomic-alignment errors,
forcing some structures to be aligned and as a pointer when
we have ensured that the address is aligned.

Tested-by: Cole Robinson <crobinso@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>

qemu can't start a xen vm after commit d8fb7d09
"vl: switch -M parsing to keyval" with:

$ ./qemu-system-i386 -M xenfv
Unexpected error in object_property_find_err() at ../qom/object.c:1298:
qemu-system-i386: Property 'xenfv-3.1-machine.accel' not found
Aborted (core dumped)

The default_machine_opts handling doesn't process the legacy machine
options like "accel".  Call qemu_apply_legacy_machine_options to provide
the legacy handling.

Signed-off-by: Jason Andryuk <jandryuk@gmail.com>
Message-Id: <20210713021552.19110-1-jandryuk@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Recent GLibC calls sched_getaffinity in code paths related to malloc and
when QEMU blocks access, it sends it off into a bad codepath resulting
in stack exhaustion[1]. The GLibC bug is being fixed[2], but none the
less, GLibC has valid reasons to want to use sched_getaffinity.

It is not unreasonable for code to want to run many resource syscalls
for information gathering, so it is a bit too harsh for QEMU to block
them.

[1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1975693
[2] https://sourceware.org/pipermail/libc-alpha/2021-June/128271.html


Reviewed-by: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Eduardo Otubo <otubo@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>

Signed-off-by: Li Zhijian <lizhijian@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210706094433.1766952-1-lizhijian@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>

MemoryRegion names is cached on first call to memory_region_name(),
so displaying the name is trace events is cheap. Add it for read /
write ops.

Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Reviewed-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>
Message-Id: <20210307074833.143106-1-f4bug@amsat.org>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>

Coverity reports that qemu_parse_config_group is returning without
unrefing the "crumpled" dictionary in case its top level item is a
list.  But actually the contract with qemu_record_config_group is
the same as for qemu_parse_config_group itself: if those function
need to stash the dictionary they get, they have to take a reference
themselves (currently this is never the case for either function).
Therefore, just add an unconditional qobject_unref(crumpled) to
qemu_parse_config_group.

Reported-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Add module_allow_arch() to set the target architecture.
In case a module is limited to some arch verify arches
match and ignore the module if not.

Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jose R. Ziviani <jziviani@suse.de>
Message-Id: <20210624103836.2382472-19-kraxel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Use module database to figure which module adds given QemuOpts group.

Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jose R. Ziviani <jziviani@suse.de>
Message-Id: <20210624103836.2382472-17-kraxel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Add script to generate C source with a small
database containing the module meta-data.

Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jose R. Ziviani <jziviani@suse.de>
Message-Id: <20210624103836.2382472-4-kraxel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

We want to separate the two cases whereby we discard ram
- uncoordinated: e.g., virito-balloon
- coordinated: e.g., virtio-mem coordinated via the RamDiscardManager

Reviewed-by: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta@cloud.ionos.com>
Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Cc: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Auger Eric <eric.auger@redhat.com>
Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: teawater <teawaterz@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Marek Kedzierski <mkedzier@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210413095531.25603-12-david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>

We have users in migration context that don't hold the BQL (when
finishing migration). To prepare for further changes, use a dedicated mutex
instead of atomic operations. Keep using qatomic_read ("READ_ONCE") for the
functions that only extract the current state (e.g., used by
virtio-balloon), locking isn't necessary.

While at it, split up the counter into two variables to make it easier
to understand.

Suggested-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta@cloud.ionos.com>
Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Cc: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Auger Eric <eric.auger@redhat.com>
Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: teawater <teawaterz@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Marek Kedzierski <mkedzier@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210413095531.25603-11-david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>

In case one wants to create a permanent copy of a MemoryRegionSections,
one needs access to flatview_ref()/flatview_unref(). Instead of exposing
these, let's just add helpers to copy/free a MemoryRegionSection and
properly adjust references.

Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Cc: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Auger Eric <eric.auger@redhat.com>
Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: teawater <teawaterz@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Marek Kedzierski <mkedzier@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210413095531.25603-3-david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>

We have some special RAM memory regions (managed by virtio-mem), whereby
the guest agreed to only use selected memory ranges. "unused" parts are
discarded so they won't consume memory - to logically unplug these memory
ranges. Before the VM is allowed to use such logically unplugged memory
again, coordination with the hypervisor is required.

This results in "sparse" mmaps/RAMBlocks/memory regions, whereby only
coordinated parts are valid to be used/accessed by the VM.

In most cases, we don't care about that - e.g., in KVM, we simply have a
single KVM memory slot. However, in case of vfio, registering the
whole region with the kernel results in all pages getting pinned, and
therefore an unexpected high memory consumption - discarding of RAM in
that context is broken.

Let's introduce a way to coordinate discarding/populating memory within a
RAM memory region with such special consumers of RAM memory regions: they
can register as listeners and get updates on memory getting discarded and
populated. Using this machinery, vfio will be able to map only the
currently populated parts, resulting in discarded parts not getting pinned
and not consuming memory.

A RamDiscardManager has to be set for a memory region before it is getting
mapped, and cannot change while the memory region is mapped.

Note: At some point, we might want to let RAMBlock users (esp. vfio used
for nvme://

) consume this interface as well. We'll need RAMBlock notifier
calls when a RAMBlock is getting mapped/unmapped (via the corresponding
memory region), so we can properly register a listener there as well.

Reviewed-by: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta@cloud.ionos.com>
Acked-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Cc: "Michael S. Tsirkin" <mst@redhat.com>
Cc: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Cc: Dr. David Alan Gilbert <dgilbert@redhat.com>
Cc: Igor Mammedov <imammedo@redhat.com>
Cc: Pankaj Gupta <pankaj.gupta.linux@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Auger Eric <eric.auger@redhat.com>
Cc: Wei Yang <richard.weiyang@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: teawater <teawaterz@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Marek Kedzierski <mkedzier@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20210413095531.25603-2-david@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Eduardo Habkost <ehabkost@redhat.com>

Make -smp syntactic sugar for a compound property "-machine
smp.{cores,threads,cpu,...}".  machine_smp_parse is replaced by the
setter for the property.

numa-test will now cover the new syntax, while other tests
still use -smp.

Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Switch from QemuOpts to keyval.  This enables the introduction
of non-scalar machine properties, and JSON syntax in the future.

For JSON syntax to be supported right now, we would have to
consider what would happen if string-based dictionaries (produced by
-M key=val) were to be merged with strongly-typed dictionaries
(produced by -M {'key': 123}).

The simplest way out is to never enter the situation, and only allow one
-M option when JSON syntax is in use.  However, we want options such as
-smp to become syntactic sugar for -M, and this is a problem; as soon
as -smp becomes a shortcut for -M, QEMU would forbid using -M '{....}'
together with -smp.  Therefore, allowing JSON syntax right now for -M
would be a forward-compatibility nightmare and it would be impossible
anyway to introduce -M incrementally in tools.

Instead, support for JSON syntax is delayed until after the main
options are converted to QOM compound properties.  These include -boot,
-acpitable, -smbios, -m, -semihosting-config, -rtc and -fw_cfg.  Once JSON
syntax is introduced, these options will _also_ be forbidden together
with -M '{...}'.

Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>