Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Add the function that will compute a relocated version of the
directories in CONFIG_QEMU_*DIR and CONFIG_QEMU_*PATH.

Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

If the exec_dir cannot be retrieved, just assume it's the installation
directory that was specified at configure time.  This makes it simpler
to reason about what the callers will do if they get back an empty
path.

Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Just return the directory without requiring the caller to free it.
This also removes a bogus check for NULL in os_find_datadir and
module_load_one; g_strdup of a static variable cannot return NULL.

Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Dumping one line of hexadecimal/ASCII from a buffer is often needed.
Move this part from qemu_hexdump() and use it

Acked-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <lvivier@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200925091055.186023-2-lvivier@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@redhat.com>

clang's C11 atomic_fetch_*() functions only take a C11 atomic type
pointer argument. QEMU uses direct types (int, etc) and this causes a
compiler error when a QEMU code calls these functions in a source file
that also included <stdatomic.h> via a system header file:

  $ CC=clang CXX=clang++ ./configure ... && make
  ../util/async.c:79:17: error: address argument to atomic operation must be a pointer to _Atomic type ('unsigned int *' invalid)

Avoid using atomic_*() names in QEMU's atomic.h since that namespace is
used by <stdatomic.h>. Prefix QEMU's APIs with 'q' so that atomic.h
and <stdatomic.h> can co-exist. I checked /usr/include on my machine and
searched GitHub for existing "qatomic_" users but there seem to be none.

This patch was generated using:

  $ git grep -h -o '\<atomic\(64\)\?_[a-z0-9_]\+' include/qemu/atomic.h | \
    sort -u >/tmp/changed_identifiers
  $ for identifier in $(</tmp/changed_identifiers); do
        sed -i "s%\<$identifier\>%q$identifier%g" \
            $(git grep -I -l "\<$identifier\>")
    done

I manually fixed line-wrap issues and misaligned rST tables.

Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200923105646.47864-1-stefanha@redhat.com>

npfd keeps track of how many pollfds are currently being monitored. It
must be reset to 0 when fdmon_poll_wait() returns.

When npfd reaches a treshold we switch to fdmon-epoll because it scales
better.

This patch resets npfd in the case where we switch to fdmon-epoll.
Forgetting to do so results in the following assertion failure:

  util/fdmon-poll.c:65: fdmon_poll_wait: Assertion `npfd == 0' failed.

Fixes: 1f050a46 ("aio-posix: extract ppoll(2) and epoll(7) fd monitoring")
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Buglink: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1869952
Message-Id: <20200915120339.702938-2-stefanha@redhat.com>

The iov_discard_front/back() operations are useful for parsing iovecs
but they modify the array elements. If the original array is needed
after parsing finishes there is currently no way to restore it.

Although g_memdup() can be used before performing destructive
iov_discard_front/back() operations, this is inefficient.

Introduce iov_discard_undo() to restore the array to the state prior to
an iov_discard_front/back() operation.

Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Li Qiang <liq3ea@gmail.com>
Message-Id: <20200917094455.822379-2-stefanha@redhat.com>

I found that there are many spelling errors in the comments of qemu,
so I used the spellcheck tool to check the spelling errors
and finally found some spelling errors in the util folder.

Signed-off-by: zhaolichang <zhaolichang@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Alex Bennee <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20200917075029.313-6-zhaolichang@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>

This is a fixes for
(C:\work\xemu\qemu\build\tests\test-aio-multithread.exe:19100): GLib-CRITICAL **: 23:03:24.965: g_source_remove_poll: assertion '!SOURCE_DESTROYED (source)' failed
ERROR test-aio-multithread - Bail out! GLib-FATAL-CRITICAL: g_source_remove_poll: assertion '!SOURCE_DESTROYED (source)' failed

(C:\work\xemu\qemu\build\tests\test-bdrv-drain.exe:21036): GLib-CRITICAL **: 23:03:29.861: g_source_remove_poll: assertion '!SOURCE_DESTROYED (source)' failed
ERROR test-bdrv-drain - Bail out! GLib-FATAL-CRITICAL: g_source_remove_poll: assertion '!SOURCE_DESTROYED (source)' failed

And the idea comes from https://patchwork.kernel.org/patch/9975239/



Signed-off-by: Yonggang Luo <luoyonggang@gmail.com>
Message-Id: <20200915171234.236-19-luoyonggang@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>

A common error scenario is to tell QEMU to use O_DIRECT in combination
with a filesystem that doesn't support it. To aid users to diagnosing
their mistake we want to provide a clear error message when this happens.

Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>

qemu_open_old() works like open(): set errno and return -1 on failure.
It has even more failure modes, though.  Reporting the error clearly
to users is basically impossible for many of them.

Our standard cure for "errno is too coarse" is the Error object.
Introduce two new helper methods:

  int qemu_open(const char *name, int flags, Error **errp);
  int qemu_create(const char *name, int flags, mode_t mode, Error **errp);

Note that with this design we no longer require or even accept the
O_CREAT flag. Avoiding overloading the two distinct operations
means we can avoid variable arguments which would prevent 'errp' from
being the last argument. It also gives us a guarantee that the 'mode' is
given when creating files, avoiding a latent security bug.

Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>

Instead of relying on the limited information from errno, we can now
also provide detailed error messages to callers that ask for it.

Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>

This simple refactoring prepares for future patches. The variadic args
handling is split from the main bulk of the open logic.

Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>

We want to introduce a new version of qemu_open() that uses an Error
object for reporting problems and make this it the preferred interface.
Rename the existing method to release the namespace for the new impl.

Reviewed-by: Eric Blake <eblake@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>

We're going to have multiple callers to open() from qemu_open()
soon. Readability would thus benefit from having a helper for
dealing with O_CLOEXEC.

Reviewed-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>

Currently code has to call monitor_fdset_get_fd, then dup
the return fd, and then add the duplicate FD back into the
fdset. This dance is overly verbose for the caller and
introduces extra failure modes which can be avoided by
folding all the logic into monitor_fdset_dup_fd_add and
removing monitor_fdset_get_fd entirely.

Signed-off-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>

This will allow is to preserve the semantics of hmp_device_del,
that the device is deleted immediatly which was changed by previos
patch that delayed this to RCU callback

Signed-off-by: Maxim Levitsky <mlevitsk@redhat.com>
Suggested-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200915121318.247-2-luoyonggang@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>

Only build virtio-gpu-device modular (the code which actually depends on
the external virglrenderer library).  virtio-gpu-pci and virtio-vga are
compiled into core qemu still.

Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Message-id: 20200914134224.29769-7-kraxel@redhat.com

qemu_hexdump()'s pointer to the buffer and length of the
buffer are closely related arguments but are widely separated
in the argument list order (also, the format of <stdio.h>
function prototypes is usually to have the FILE* argument
coming first).

Reorder the arguments as "fp, prefix, buf, size" which is
more logical.

Suggested-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Reviewed-by: Edgar E. Iglesias <edgar.iglesias@xilinx.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200822180950.1343963-3-f4bug@amsat.org>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>

Most uses of qemu_hexdump() do not take an array of char
as input, forcing use of cast. Since we can use this
helper to dump any kind of buffer, use a pointer to void
argument instead.

Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <f4bug@amsat.org>
Reviewed-by: Alistair Francis <alistair.francis@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Edgar E. Iglesias <edgar.iglesias@xilinx.com>
Reviewed-by: Li Qiang <liq3ea@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200822180950.1343963-2-f4bug@amsat.org>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>

Some trace points are attributed to the wrong source file.  Happens
when we neglect to update trace-events for code motion, or add events
in the wrong place, or misspell the file name.

Clean up with help of scripts/cleanup-trace-events.pl.  Funnies
requiring manual post-processing:

* accel/tcg/cputlb.c trace points are in trace-events.

* block.c and blockdev.c trace points are in block/trace-events.

* hw/block/nvme.c uses the preprocessor to hide its trace point use
  from cleanup-trace-events.pl.

* hw/tpm/tpm_spapr.c uses pseudo trace point tpm_spapr_show_buffer to
  guard debug code.

* include/hw/xen/xen_common.h trace points are in hw/xen/trace-events.

* linux-user/trace-events abbreviates a tedious list of filenames to
  */signal.c.

* net/colo-compare and net/filter-rewriter.c use pseudo trace points
  colo_compare_miscompare and colo_filter_rewriter_debug to guard
  debug code.

Signed-off-by: Markus Armbruster <armbru@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Message-id: 20200806141334.3646302-5-armbru@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>

The linker of MinGW sometimes runs into the following problem:

libqemuutil.a(util_main-loop.c.obj): In function `qemu_fd_register':
/builds/huth/qemu/build/../util/main-loop.c:331: multiple definition of
 `qemu_fd_register'
libqemuutil.a(stubs_fd-register.c.obj):/builds/huth/qemu/stubs/fd-register.c:5:
 first defined here
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
/builds/huth/qemu/rules.mak:88: recipe for target 'tests/test-timed-average.exe'
 failed

qemu_fd_register() is defined in util/main-loop.c for WIN32, so let's simply
move the stub also there in the #else part of the corresponding #ifndef
to fix this problem.

Message-Id: <20200903054503.425435-1-thuth@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel P. Berrangé <berrange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Huth <thuth@redhat.com>

Some 'qemu_vfio_*' trace events sizes are displayed using
decimal notation, other using hexadecimal notation:

  qemu_vfio_ram_block_added s 0xaaaaf2448d90 host 0xffff5bc00000 size 0x4000000
  qemu_vfio_dma_map s 0xaaaaf2448d90 host 0xffff5bc00000 size 67108864 temporary 0 iova (nil)
  qemu_vfio_find_mapping s 0xaaaaf2448d90 host 0xffff5bc00000
  qemu_vfio_new_mapping s 0xaaaaf2448d90 host 0xffff5bc00000 size 67108864 index 4 iova 0x114000
  qemu_vfio_do_mapping s 0xaaaaf2448d90 host 0xffff5bc00000 size 67108864 iova 0x114000

As it is hard to follow, unify using hexadecimal for all sizes:

  qemu_vfio_ram_block_added s 0xaaaaf1c60d90 host 0xffff2bc00000 size 0x4000000
  qemu_vfio_dma_map s 0xaaaaf1c60d90 host 0xffff2bc00000 size 0x4000000 temporary 0 iova (nil)
  qemu_vfio_find_mapping s 0xaaaaf1c60d90 host 0xffff2bc00000
  qemu_vfio_new_mapping s 0xaaaaf1c60d90 host 0xffff2bc00000 size 0x4000000 index 4 iova 0x114000
  qemu_vfio_do_mapping s 0xaaaaf1c60d90 host 0xffff2bc00000 size 0x4000000 iova 0x114000

Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Cornelia Huck <cohuck@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Li Qiang <liq3ea@gmail.com>
Message-Id: <20200820171006.1140228-1-philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>

Remove the second 'and' introduced in commit 418026ca
("util: Introduce vfio helpers").

Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Li Qiang <liq3ea@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20200811151643.21293-4-philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>

Remove the second 'and' introduced in commit e81f8679 ("qemu-timer:
avoid checkpoints for virtual clock timers in external subsystems").

Signed-off-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Li Qiang <liq3ea@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Message-Id: <20200811151643.21293-3-philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <laurent@vivier.eu>

libqemuutil.a build fails with this error:

  /usr/bin/ld: libqemuutil.a(util_fdmon-io_uring.c.o): in function `get_sqe':
  qemu/build/../util/fdmon-io_uring.c:83: undefined reference to `io_uring_get_sqe'
  /usr/bin/ld: qemu/build/../util/fdmon-io_uring.c:92: undefined reference to `io_uring_submit'
  /usr/bin/ld: qemu/build/../util/fdmon-io_uring.c:96: undefined reference to `io_uring_get_sqe'
  /usr/bin/ld: libqemuutil.a(util_fdmon-io_uring.c.o): in function `fdmon_io_uring_wait':
  qemu/build/../util/fdmon-io_uring.c:289: undefined reference to `io_uring_submit_and_wait'
  /usr/bin/ld: libqemuutil.a(util_fdmon-io_uring.c.o): in function `fdmon_io_uring_setup':
  qemu/build/../util/fdmon-io_uring.c:328: undefined reference to `io_uring_queue_init'
  /usr/bin/ld: libqemuutil.a(util_fdmon-io_uring.c.o): in function `fdmon_io_uring_destroy':
  qemu/build/../util/fdmon-io_uring.c:343: undefined reference to `io_uring_queue_exit'
  collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

This patch fix the issue adding 'linux_io_uring' dependency for
fdmon-io_uring.c

Fixes: a81df1b6 ("libqemuutil, qapi, trace: convert to meson")
Cc: pbonzini@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Stefano Garzarella <sgarzare@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200821154853.94379-1-sgarzare@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Move the create-config logic to meson.build; create a
configuration_data object and let meson handle the
quoting and output.

Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

The binaries move to the root directory, e.g. qemu-system-i386 or
qemu-arm.  This requires changes to qtests, CI, etc.

Signed-off-by: Marc-André Lureau <marcandre.lureau@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

This shows how to do some "computations" in meson.build using its array
and dictionary data structures, and also a basic usage of the sourceset
module for conditional compilation.

Notice the new "if have_system" part of util/meson.build, which fixes
a bug in the old build system was buggy: util/dbus.c was built even for
non-softmmu builds, but the dependency on -lgio was lost when the linking
was done through libqemuutil.a.  Because all of its users required gio
otherwise, the bug was hidden.  Meson instead propagates libqemuutil's
dependencies down to its users, and shows the problem.

Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Meson doesn't enjoy the same flexibility we have with Make in choosing
the include path.  In particular the tracing headers are using
$(build_root)/$(<D).

In order to keep the include directives unchanged,
the simplest solution is to generate headers with patterns like
"trace/trace-audio.h" and place forwarding headers in the source tree
such that for example "audio/trace.h" includes "trace/trace-audio.h".

This patch is too ugly to be applied to the Makefiles now.  It's only
a way to separate the changes to the tracing header files from the
Meson rewrite of the tracing logic.

Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>

Polling only monitors the ctx->notified field and does not need the
ctx->notifier EventNotifier to be signalled. Keep ctx->aio_notify_me
disabled while polling to avoid unnecessary EventNotifier syscalls.

This optimization improves virtio-blk 4KB random read performance by
18%. The following results are with an IOThread and the null-co block
driver:

Test         IOPS   Error
Before  244518.62 ± 1.20%
After   290706.11 ± 0.44%

Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Message-id: 20200806131802.569478-4-stefanha@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>

aio_notify() does not set ctx->notified when called with
ctx->aio_notify_me disabled. Therefore aio_notify_me needs to be enabled
during polling.

This is suboptimal since expensive event_notifier_set(&ctx->notifier)
and event_notifier_test_and_clear(&ctx->notifier) calls are required
when ctx->aio_notify_me is enabled.

Change aio_notify() so that aio->notified is always set, regardless of
ctx->aio_notify_me. This will make polling cheaper since
ctx->aio_notify_me can remain disabled. Move the
event_notifier_test_and_clear() to the fd handler function (which is now
no longer an empty function so "dummy" has been dropped from its name).

The next patch takes advantage of this by optimizing polling in
util/aio-posix.c.

Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Message-id: 20200806131802.569478-3-stefanha@redhat.com

[Paolo Bonzini pointed out that the smp_wmb() in aio_notify_accept()
should be smp_wb() but the comment should be smp_wmb() instead of
smp_wb(). Fixed.
--Stefan]

Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>

The event_notifier_*() prefix can be confused with the EventNotifier
APIs that are also called event_notifier_*().

Rename the functions to aio_context_notifier_*() to make it clear that
they relate to the AioContext::notifier field.

Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>
Message-id: 20200806131802.569478-2-stefanha@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Stefan Hajnoczi <stefanha@redhat.com>

Compile tested only.

Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Weil <sw@weilnetz.de>
Message-Id: <20200724064509.331-6-alex.bennee@linaro.org>

This will be used in a future patch. For POSIX systems _SC_PHYS_PAGES
isn't standardised but at least appears in the man pages for
Open/FreeBSD. The result is advisory so any users of it shouldn't just
fail if we can't work it out.

The win32 stub currently returns 0 until someone with a Windows system
can develop and test a patch.

Signed-off-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Cc: BALATON Zoltan <balaton@eik.bme.hu>
Cc: Christian Ehrhardt <christian.ehrhardt@canonical.com>
Message-Id: <20200724064509.331-5-alex.bennee@linaro.org>

Just return in case module_load_qom_one(NULL) is called.
vga_interface_available() can do that.

Signed-off-by: Gerd Hoffmann <kraxel@redhat.com>
Message-Id: <20200720100352.2477-3-kraxel@redhat.com>

Implement qemu_get_thread_id() for OpenBSD hosts, using
getthrid().

Signed-off-by: David Carlier <devnexen@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Brad Smith <brad@comstyle.com>
Message-id: CA+XhMqxD6gQDBaj8tX0CMEj3si7qYKsM8u1km47e_-U7MC37Pg@mail.gmail.com
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
[PMM: tidied up commit message]
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>

qemu_set_nonblock() checks that the file descriptor can be used and, if
not, crashes QEMU. An assert() is used for that. The use of assert() is
used to detect programming error and the coredump will allow to debug
the problem.

But in the case of the tap device, this assert() can be triggered by
a misconfiguration by the user. At startup, it's not a real problem, but it
can also happen during the hot-plug of a new device, and here it's a
problem because we can crash a perfectly healthy system.

For instance:
 # ip link add link virbr0 name macvtap0 type macvtap mode bridge
 # ip link set macvtap0 up
 # TAP=/dev/tap$(ip -o link show macvtap0 | cut -d: -f1)
 # qemu-system-x86_64 -machine q35 -device pcie-root-port,id=pcie-root-port-0 -monitor stdio 9<> $TAP
 (qemu) netdev_add type=tap,id=hostnet0,vhost=on,fd=9
 (qemu) device_add driver=virtio-net-pci,netdev=hostnet0,id=net0,bus=pcie-root-port-0
 (qemu) device_del net0
 (qemu) netdev_del hostnet0
 (qemu) netdev_add type=tap,id=hostnet1,vhost=on,fd=9
 qemu-system-x86_64: .../util/oslib-posix.c:247: qemu_set_nonblock: Assertion `f != -1' failed.
 Aborted (core dumped)

To avoid that, add a function, qemu_try_set_nonblock(), that allows to report the
problem without crashing.

In the same way, we also update the function for vhostfd in net_init_tap_one() and
for fd in net_init_socket() (both descriptors are provided by the user and can
be wrong).

Signed-off-by: Laurent Vivier <lvivier@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Mathieu-Daudé <philmd@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>