fpu: Bound increment for scalbn

Without bounding the increment, we can overflow exp either here
in scalbn_decomposed or when adding the bias in round_canonical.
This can result in e.g. underflowing to 0 instead of overflowing
to infinity.

The old softfloat code did bound the increment.

Signed-off-by: Richard Henderson <richard.henderson@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Tested-by: Alex Bennée <alex.bennee@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Maydell <peter.maydell@linaro.org>