cpus-common: lock-free fast path for cpu_exec_start/end

Set cpu->running without taking the cpu_list lock, only requiring it if
there is a concurrent exclusive section.  This requires adding a new
field to CPUState, which records whether a running CPU is being counted
in pending_cpus.

When an exclusive section is started concurrently with cpu_exec_start,
cpu_exec_start can use the new field to determine if it has to wait for
the end of the exclusive section.  Likewise, cpu_exec_end can use it to
see if start_exclusive is waiting for that CPU.

This a separate patch for easier bisection of issues.

Signed-off-by: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@redhat.com>